Об эффективности инвестиционной деятельности управляющих в системе обязательного пенсионного страхования

Наталья  Болдырева; Людмила Решетникова

doi:10.21638/spbu05.2020.306

Авторы

Наталья Болдырева Тюменский государственный университет https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-6075
Людмила Решетникова Тюменский государственный университет https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-6005

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2020.306

Аннотация

В статье раскрыты причины низкой эффективности инвестиционной деятельности управляющих пенсионными накоплениями и сформулированы правила пенсионного инвестирования, следование которым способствует увеличению накопительной пенсии. В основе данных правил лежат стратегия Asset Allocation, учет долгосрочного характера пенсионных инвестиций и инвестиционной стратегии жизненного цикла. Все пенсионные портфели отечественных управляющих характеризуются слабой диверсификацией по классам активов, высокой долей долговых финансовых инструментов, несоответствием структуры портфеля риск-профилю застрахованного лица, игнорированием инвестиционной стратегии жизненного цикла. Пенсионная индустрия отличается высокими издержками для застрахованных лиц. Оценка эффективности инвестиционной деятельности управляющих пенсионными накоплениями в соответствии с классической теорией инвестиций за период с 2008 по 2018 г. проведена с учетом инфляционного риска и в сравнении с риск-доходностью бенчмарков российского финансового рынка. Реальная накопленная доходность управляющих пенсионными накоплениями на конец анализируемого периода имеет отрицательное значение. В то
же время российский финансовый рынок предоставлял возможности для реального роста пенсионных накоплений. Сохранить капитал от обесценивания позволяли банковские депозиты. Моделирование индексных пенсионных портфелей (консервативного, сбалансированного и агрессивного) в соответствии с правилами пенсионного инвестирования в условиях российского финансового рынка свидетельствует о поло-жительном влиянии на эффективность инвестиционной деятельности управляющих регулярной ребалансировки портфеля, содержащего акции. Управление индексными
пенсионными портфелями по предложенным правилам обеспечило защиту пенсионных накоплений от инфляции при любом риск-профиле на конец анализируемого периода. Полученные выводы могут быть использованы для совершенствования системы регулирования инвестиционной деятельности пенсионных управляющих и реформирования накопительного компонента российской пенсионной системы.

Ключевые слова:

пенсионная система, пенсия, пенсионные накопления, инвестиции, финансовый рынок, пенсионные фонды, диверсификация, жизненный цикл, инвестиционный портфель, финансы домашнего хозяйства

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