Новая экономическая география: тридцать лет спустя

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.106

Аннотация

За последние три десятилетия было разработано множество аналитических и количественных моделей, которые стремятся объяснить неравенство в пространственном распределении богатства и людей, от международного и регионального до городского. В статье исследованы этапы развития новой экономической географии за тридцать лет, начиная со статьи П. Кругмана «Возрастающая отдача и экономическая география». Авторы показывают, что ряд теоретических и эмпирических работ сформировали новую экономическую географию, рамки которой определены моделями общего равновесия, гетерогенностью и микроэкономическими данными количественных моделей.
Первые теоретические работы были направлены на разработку стилизованных аналитических моделей, которые затрудняли эмпирические исследования, переход к последним потребовал пересмотра канонических допущений, использованных в базовых моделях. Количественные модели обращены к прикладным вопросам пространственной экономики, имеющим значительные последствия для государственной политики. На базе классических микрооснований, заимствованных из городской и транспортной экономик, количественные модели подтверждают результаты аналитических. Вызовом для новой экономической географии становится междисциплинарный диалог с институциональной экономикой, экономической социологией и теорией эндогенного роста для исследования проблем гетерогенности институтов и неравенства возможностей. Фактически речь может идти о слиянии дисциплин, которое позволят применить положения новой экономической географии для анализа исторических, географических и других режимов функционирования институтов. Это потребует новых аналитических моделей для описания новых микроэкономических оснований экономики, новых моделей общего равновесия, а также новых количественных моделей. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при эмпирических исследованиях пространственной экономики России и ее макрорегионов.

Ключевые слова:

новая экономическая география, общее равновесие, монополистическая конкуренция, возрастающая отдача, аналитические и количественные модели

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Опубликован

28.03.2023

Как цитировать

Захарова, Е., Давыдов, Д., & Земцова, Е. (2023). Новая экономическая география: тридцать лет спустя. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика, 39(1), 127–155. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.106

Выпуск

Раздел

Макро- и микроэкономические исследования