Traditional and Organic Agriculture: Analysis of Comparative Efficiency from the Position of the Sustainable Development Conсept
Abstract
Agriculture as fundamental activity of people was traditionally considered as economic activity with social functions. It provides a signifi cant part of the world population with jobs and income. Today the so called organic conception оf agriculture concentrates its attention mainly at the ecological aspects and the problems of green gas emissions. In this paper the authors demonstrate, that with respect to social and certain ecological problems traditional agriculture has not negligible advantages compared to ecological agriculture, especially if the attention is drawn to the global task to supply the increasing
world population with food. Contemporary conceptions of sustainable development provide a holistic view at the economic, ecological and social challenges to society and a balanced way of elaborating development goals and strategies at the national as well as at the international levels. Furthermore, it will be seen that the preferences to either traditional or to organic agriculture which can be found in the literature depend mainly on the perspective of the authors to the national, international, innergenerational and intergenerational aspects. Finally, the authors try to provide some overview on theoretical perception, on the plans and on the implementation of the ideas of sustainable agriculture in the Russian Federation and to give some recommendations for the modernization of social and environmental agricultural policy. Refs 63. Figs 5. Tables 3.
Keywords:
traditional, organic and low carbon agriculture, market for organic products, sustainable development, agriculture and climate change, greenhouse gases emissions, organic standards and legislation, environmental agricultural policy
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Articles of the St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.